o3de/Gems/Terrain/Code/Source/TerrainRenderer/TerrainFeatureProcessor.cpp

/*
 * Copyright (c) Contributors to the Open 3D Engine Project.
 * For complete copyright and license terms please see the LICENSE at the root of this distribution.
 *
 * SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0 OR MIT
 *
 */

#include <TerrainRenderer/TerrainFeatureProcessor.h>

#include <Atom/Utils/Utils.h>

#include <Atom/RHI/RHISystemInterface.h>

#include <Atom/RPI.Public/RPIUtils.h>
#include <Atom/RPI.Public/Scene.h>
#include <Atom/RPI.Public/View.h>
#include <Atom/RPI.Public/Image/ImageSystemInterface.h>
#include <Atom/RPI.Public/Image/AttachmentImagePool.h>
#include <Atom/RPI.Public/Material/Material.h>
#include <Atom/RPI.Public/Pass/PassFilter.h>
#include <Atom/RPI.Public/Pass/PassSystemInterface.h>
#include <Atom/RPI.Public/Pass/RasterPass.h>

#include <Atom/RPI.Reflect/Asset/AssetUtils.h>

#include <Atom/Feature/RenderCommon.h>

#include <SurfaceData/SurfaceDataSystemRequestBus.h>

namespace Terrain
{
    namespace
    {
        [[maybe_unused]] const char* TerrainFPName = "TerrainFeatureProcessor";
        const char* TerrainHeightmapChars = "TerrainHeightmap";
    }

    namespace SceneSrgInputs
    {
        static const char* const HeightmapImage("m_heightmapImage");
        static const char* const TerrainWorldData("m_terrainWorldData");
    }

    namespace TerrainSrgInputs
    {
        static const char* const Textures("m_textures");
    }

    void TerrainFeatureProcessor::Reflect(AZ::ReflectContext* context)
    {
        if (AZ::SerializeContext* serialize = azrtti_cast<AZ::SerializeContext*>(context))
        {
            serialize->Class<TerrainFeatureProcessor, AZ::RPI::FeatureProcessor>()
                ->Version(0)
                ;
        }
    }

    void TerrainFeatureProcessor::Activate()
    {
        EnableSceneNotification();
        CacheForwardPass();

        Initialize();
        AzFramework::Terrain::TerrainDataNotificationBus::Handler::BusConnect();
        
        m_handleGlobalShaderOptionUpdate = AZ::RPI::ShaderSystemInterface::GlobalShaderOptionUpdatedEvent::Handler
        {
            [this](const AZ::Name&, AZ::RPI::ShaderOptionValue) { m_forceRebuildDrawPackets = true; }
        };
        AZ::RPI::ShaderSystemInterface::Get()->Connect(m_handleGlobalShaderOptionUpdate);
    }

    void TerrainFeatureProcessor::Initialize()
    {
        m_meshManager.Initialize();
        m_imageArrayHandler = AZStd::make_shared<AZ::Render::BindlessImageArrayHandler>();

        auto sceneSrgLayout = AZ::RPI::RPISystemInterface::Get()->GetSceneSrgLayout();
        
        m_heightmapPropertyIndex = sceneSrgLayout->FindShaderInputImageIndex(AZ::Name(SceneSrgInputs::HeightmapImage));
        AZ_Error(TerrainFPName, m_heightmapPropertyIndex.IsValid(), "Failed to find scene srg input constant %s.", SceneSrgInputs::HeightmapImage);
        
        m_worldDataIndex = sceneSrgLayout->FindShaderInputConstantIndex(AZ::Name(SceneSrgInputs::TerrainWorldData));
        AZ_Error(TerrainFPName, m_worldDataIndex.IsValid(), "Failed to find scene srg input constant %s.", SceneSrgInputs::TerrainWorldData);

        // Load the terrain material asynchronously
        const AZStd::string materialFilePath = "Materials/Terrain/DefaultPbrTerrain.azmaterial";
        m_materialAssetLoader = AZStd::make_unique<AZ::RPI::AssetUtils::AsyncAssetLoader>();
        *m_materialAssetLoader = AZ::RPI::AssetUtils::AsyncAssetLoader::Create<AZ::RPI::MaterialAsset>(materialFilePath, 0u,
            [&](AZ::Data::Asset<AZ::Data::AssetData> assetData, bool success) -> void
            {
                const AZ::Data::Asset<AZ::RPI::MaterialAsset>& materialAsset = static_cast<AZ::Data::Asset<AZ::RPI::MaterialAsset>>(assetData);
                if (success)
                {
                    m_materialInstance = AZ::RPI::Material::FindOrCreate(assetData);
                    AZ::RPI::MaterialReloadNotificationBus::Handler::BusConnect(materialAsset->GetId());
                    if (!materialAsset->GetObjectSrgLayout())
                    {
                        AZ_Error("TerrainFeatureProcessor", false, "No per-object ShaderResourceGroup found on terrain material.");
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        PrepareMaterialData();
                    }
                }
            }
        );
        OnTerrainDataChanged(AZ::Aabb::CreateNull(), TerrainDataChangedMask::HeightData);

    }

    void TerrainFeatureProcessor::Deactivate()
    {
        AzFramework::Terrain::TerrainDataNotificationBus::Handler::BusDisconnect();
        AZ::RPI::MaterialReloadNotificationBus::Handler::BusDisconnect();
        
        DisableSceneNotification();
        OnTerrainDataDestroyBegin();

        m_materialAssetLoader = {};
        m_materialInstance = {};

        m_meshManager.Reset();
        m_macroMaterialManager.Reset();
        m_detailMaterialManager.Reset();
    }

    void TerrainFeatureProcessor::Render(const AZ::RPI::FeatureProcessor::RenderPacket& packet)
    {
        ProcessSurfaces(packet);
    }

    void TerrainFeatureProcessor::OnTerrainDataDestroyBegin()
    {
        m_heightmapImage = {};
        m_terrainBounds = AZ::Aabb::CreateNull();
        m_dirtyRegion = AZ::Aabb::CreateNull();
        m_heightmapNeedsUpdate = false;
    }
    
    void TerrainFeatureProcessor::OnTerrainDataChanged(const AZ::Aabb& dirtyRegion, TerrainDataChangedMask dataChangedMask)
    {
        if ((dataChangedMask & (TerrainDataChangedMask::HeightData | TerrainDataChangedMask::Settings)) != 0)
        {
            TerrainHeightOrSettingsUpdated(dirtyRegion);
        }
    }

    void TerrainFeatureProcessor::TerrainHeightOrSettingsUpdated(const AZ::Aabb& dirtyRegion)
    {
        AZ::Aabb worldBounds = AZ::Aabb::CreateNull();
        AzFramework::Terrain::TerrainDataRequestBus::BroadcastResult(
            worldBounds, &AzFramework::Terrain::TerrainDataRequests::GetTerrainAabb);

        const AZ::Aabb& regionToUpdate = dirtyRegion.IsValid() ? dirtyRegion : worldBounds;

        m_dirtyRegion.AddAabb(regionToUpdate);
        m_dirtyRegion.Clamp(worldBounds);

        AZ::Vector2 queryResolution2D = AZ::Vector2(1.0f);
        AzFramework::Terrain::TerrainDataRequestBus::BroadcastResult(
            queryResolution2D, &AzFramework::Terrain::TerrainDataRequests::GetTerrainHeightQueryResolution);
        // Currently query resolution is multidimensional but the rendering system only supports this changing in one dimension.
        float queryResolution = queryResolution2D.GetX();

        m_terrainBounds = worldBounds;
        m_sampleSpacing = queryResolution;
        m_heightmapNeedsUpdate = true;
    }

    void TerrainFeatureProcessor::OnRenderPipelinePassesChanged([[maybe_unused]] AZ::RPI::RenderPipeline* renderPipeline)
    {
        CacheForwardPass();
    }

    void TerrainFeatureProcessor::UpdateHeightmapImage()
    {
        int32_t heightmapImageXStart = aznumeric_cast<int32_t>(AZStd::ceilf(m_terrainBounds.GetMin().GetX() / m_sampleSpacing));
        int32_t heightmapImageXEnd = aznumeric_cast<int32_t>(AZStd::floorf(m_terrainBounds.GetMax().GetX() / m_sampleSpacing)) + 1;
        int32_t heightmapImageYStart = aznumeric_cast<int32_t>(AZStd::ceilf(m_terrainBounds.GetMin().GetY() / m_sampleSpacing));
        int32_t heightmapImageYEnd = aznumeric_cast<int32_t>(AZStd::floorf(m_terrainBounds.GetMax().GetY() / m_sampleSpacing)) + 1;
        uint32_t heightmapImageWidth = heightmapImageXEnd - heightmapImageXStart;
        uint32_t heightmapImageHeight = heightmapImageYEnd - heightmapImageYStart;

        const AZ::RHI::Size heightmapSize = AZ::RHI::Size(heightmapImageWidth, heightmapImageHeight, 1);

        if (!m_heightmapImage || m_heightmapImage->GetDescriptor().m_size != heightmapSize)
        {
            const AZ::Data::Instance<AZ::RPI::AttachmentImagePool> imagePool = AZ::RPI::ImageSystemInterface::Get()->GetSystemAttachmentPool();
            AZ::RHI::ImageDescriptor imageDescriptor = AZ::RHI::ImageDescriptor::Create2D(
                AZ::RHI::ImageBindFlags::ShaderRead, heightmapSize.m_width, heightmapSize.m_height, AZ::RHI::Format::R16_UNORM
            );

            const AZ::Name TerrainHeightmapName = AZ::Name(TerrainHeightmapChars);
            m_heightmapImage = AZ::RPI::AttachmentImage::Create(*imagePool.get(), imageDescriptor, TerrainHeightmapName, nullptr, nullptr);
            AZ_Error(TerrainFPName, m_heightmapImage, "Failed to initialize the heightmap image.");
            
            // World size changed, so the whole height map needs updating.
            m_dirtyRegion = m_terrainBounds;
            m_imageBindingsNeedUpdate = true;
        }

        if (!m_dirtyRegion.IsValid())
        {
            return;
        }
        
        int32_t xStart = aznumeric_cast<int32_t>(AZStd::ceilf(m_dirtyRegion.GetMin().GetX() / m_sampleSpacing));
        int32_t xEnd = aznumeric_cast<int32_t>(AZStd::floorf(m_dirtyRegion.GetMax().GetX() / m_sampleSpacing)) + 1;
        int32_t yStart = aznumeric_cast<int32_t>(AZStd::ceilf(m_dirtyRegion.GetMin().GetY() / m_sampleSpacing));
        int32_t yEnd = aznumeric_cast<int32_t>(AZStd::floorf(m_dirtyRegion.GetMax().GetY() / m_sampleSpacing)) + 1;
        uint32_t updateWidth = xEnd - xStart;
        uint32_t updateHeight = yEnd - yStart;

        AZStd::vector<uint16_t> pixels;
        pixels.reserve(updateWidth * updateHeight);
        {
            // Block other threads from accessing the surface data bus while we are in GetHeightFromFloats (which may call into the SurfaceData bus).
            // We lock our surface data mutex *before* checking / setting "isRequestInProgress" so that we prevent race conditions
            // that create false detection of cyclic dependencies when multiple requests occur on different threads simultaneously.
            // (One case where this was previously able to occur was in rapid updating of the Preview widget on the
            // GradientSurfaceDataComponent in the Editor when moving the threshold sliders back and forth rapidly)

            auto& surfaceDataContext = SurfaceData::SurfaceDataSystemRequestBus::GetOrCreateContext(false);
            typename SurfaceData::SurfaceDataSystemRequestBus::Context::DispatchLockGuard scopeLock(surfaceDataContext.m_contextMutex);

            for (int32_t y = yStart; y < yEnd; y++)
            {
                for (int32_t x = xStart; x < xEnd; x++)
                {
                    bool terrainExists = true;
                    float terrainHeight = 0.0f;
                    float xPos = x * m_sampleSpacing;
                    float yPos = y * m_sampleSpacing;
                    AzFramework::Terrain::TerrainDataRequestBus::BroadcastResult(
                        terrainHeight, &AzFramework::Terrain::TerrainDataRequests::GetHeightFromFloats,
                        xPos, yPos, AzFramework::Terrain::TerrainDataRequests::Sampler::EXACT, &terrainExists);

                    const float clampedHeight = AZ::GetClamp((terrainHeight - m_terrainBounds.GetMin().GetZ()) / m_terrainBounds.GetExtents().GetZ(), 0.0f, 1.0f);
                    const float expandedHeight = AZStd::roundf(clampedHeight * AZStd::numeric_limits<uint16_t>::max());
                    const uint16_t uint16Height = aznumeric_cast<uint16_t>(expandedHeight);

                    pixels.push_back(uint16Height);
                }
            }
        }

        if (m_heightmapImage)
        {
            constexpr uint32_t BytesPerPixel = sizeof(uint16_t);
            const float left = xStart - (m_terrainBounds.GetMin().GetX() / m_sampleSpacing);
            const float top = yStart - (m_terrainBounds.GetMin().GetY() / m_sampleSpacing);

            AZ::RHI::ImageUpdateRequest imageUpdateRequest;
            imageUpdateRequest.m_imageSubresourcePixelOffset.m_left = aznumeric_cast<uint32_t>(left);
            imageUpdateRequest.m_imageSubresourcePixelOffset.m_top = aznumeric_cast<uint32_t>(top);
            imageUpdateRequest.m_sourceSubresourceLayout.m_bytesPerRow = updateWidth * BytesPerPixel;
            imageUpdateRequest.m_sourceSubresourceLayout.m_bytesPerImage = updateWidth * updateHeight * BytesPerPixel;
            imageUpdateRequest.m_sourceSubresourceLayout.m_rowCount = updateHeight;
            imageUpdateRequest.m_sourceSubresourceLayout.m_size = AZ::RHI::Size(updateWidth, updateHeight, 1);
            imageUpdateRequest.m_sourceData = pixels.data();
            imageUpdateRequest.m_image = m_heightmapImage->GetRHIImage();

            m_heightmapImage->UpdateImageContents(imageUpdateRequest);
        }
        
        m_dirtyRegion = AZ::Aabb::CreateNull();
    }

    void TerrainFeatureProcessor::PrepareMaterialData()
    {
        m_terrainSrg = {};

        for (auto& shaderItem : m_materialInstance->GetShaderCollection())
        {
            if (shaderItem.GetShaderAsset()->GetDrawListName() == AZ::Name("forward"))
            {
                const auto& shaderAsset = shaderItem.GetShaderAsset();
                m_terrainSrg = AZ::RPI::ShaderResourceGroup::Create(shaderItem.GetShaderAsset(), shaderAsset->GetSupervariantIndex(AZ::Name()), AZ::Name{"TerrainSrg"});
                AZ_Error(TerrainFPName, m_terrainSrg, "Failed to create Terrain shader resource group");
                break;
            }
        }

        AZ_Error(TerrainFPName, m_terrainSrg, "Terrain Srg not found on any shader in the terrain material");

        if (m_terrainSrg)
        {
            if (m_imageArrayHandler->IsInitialized())
            {
                m_imageArrayHandler->UpdateSrgIndices(m_terrainSrg, AZ::Name(TerrainSrgInputs::Textures));
            }
            else
            {
                m_imageArrayHandler->Initialize(m_terrainSrg, AZ::Name(TerrainSrgInputs::Textures));
            }

            if (m_macroMaterialManager.IsInitialized())
            {
                m_macroMaterialManager.UpdateSrgIndices(m_terrainSrg);
            }
            else
            {
                m_macroMaterialManager.Initialize(m_imageArrayHandler, m_terrainSrg);
            }
            
            if (m_detailMaterialManager.IsInitialized())
            {
                m_detailMaterialManager.UpdateSrgIndices(m_terrainSrg);
            }
            else
            {
                m_detailMaterialManager.Initialize(m_imageArrayHandler, m_terrainSrg);
            }
        }
        else
        {
            m_imageArrayHandler->Reset();
            m_macroMaterialManager.Reset();
            m_detailMaterialManager.Reset();
        }
    }

    void TerrainFeatureProcessor::ProcessSurfaces(const FeatureProcessor::RenderPacket& process)
    {
        AZ_PROFILE_FUNCTION(AzRender);
        
        if (!m_terrainBounds.IsValid())
        {
            return;
        }

        if (m_materialInstance && m_materialInstance->CanCompile())
        {
            AZ::Vector3 cameraPosition = AZ::Vector3::CreateZero();
            for (auto& view : process.m_views)
            {
                if ((view->GetUsageFlags() & AZ::RPI::View::UsageFlags::UsageCamera) > 0)
                {
                    cameraPosition = view->GetCameraTransform().GetTranslation();
                    break;
                }
            }

            if (m_meshManager.IsInitialized())
            {
                bool surfacesRebuilt = false;
                surfacesRebuilt = m_meshManager.CheckRebuildSurfaces(m_materialInstance, *GetParentScene());
                if (m_forceRebuildDrawPackets && !surfacesRebuilt)
                {   
                    m_meshManager.RebuildDrawPackets(*GetParentScene());
                }
                m_forceRebuildDrawPackets = false;
            }

            if (m_terrainSrg)
            {
                if (m_macroMaterialManager.IsInitialized())
                {
                    m_macroMaterialManager.Update(m_terrainSrg);
                }

                if (m_detailMaterialManager.IsInitialized())
                {
                    m_detailMaterialManager.Update(cameraPosition, m_terrainSrg);
                }
            }

            if (m_heightmapNeedsUpdate)
            {
                UpdateHeightmapImage();
                m_heightmapNeedsUpdate = false;
            }
            
            if (m_imageArrayHandler->IsInitialized())
            {
                bool result [[maybe_unused]] = m_imageArrayHandler->UpdateSrg(m_terrainSrg);
                AZ_Error(TerrainFPName, result, "Failed to set image view unbounded array into shader resource group.");
            }
        }
        
        if (m_meshManager.IsInitialized())
        {
            m_meshManager.DrawMeshes(process);
        }

        if (m_heightmapImage && m_imageBindingsNeedUpdate)
        {
            WorldShaderData worldData;
            m_terrainBounds.GetMin().StoreToFloat3(worldData.m_min.data());
            m_terrainBounds.GetMax().StoreToFloat3(worldData.m_max.data());

            m_imageBindingsNeedUpdate = false;

            auto sceneSrg = GetParentScene()->GetShaderResourceGroup();
            sceneSrg->SetImage(m_heightmapPropertyIndex, m_heightmapImage);
            sceneSrg->SetConstant(m_worldDataIndex, worldData);
        }

        if (m_materialInstance)
        {
            m_materialInstance->Compile();
        }

        if (m_terrainSrg && m_forwardPass)
        {
            m_terrainSrg->Compile();
            m_forwardPass->BindSrg(m_terrainSrg->GetRHIShaderResourceGroup());
        }
    }

    void TerrainFeatureProcessor::OnMaterialReinitialized([[maybe_unused]] const MaterialInstance& material)
    {
        PrepareMaterialData();
        m_forceRebuildDrawPackets = true;
        m_imageBindingsNeedUpdate = true;
    }

    void TerrainFeatureProcessor::SetWorldSize([[maybe_unused]] AZ::Vector2 sizeInMeters)
    {
        // This will control the max rendering size. Actual terrain size can be much
        // larger but this will limit how much is rendered.
    }
    
    void TerrainFeatureProcessor::CacheForwardPass()
    {
        auto rasterPassFilter = AZ::RPI::PassFilter::CreateWithPassClass<AZ::RPI::RasterPass>();
        rasterPassFilter.SetOwnerScene(GetParentScene());
        AZ::RHI::RHISystemInterface* rhiSystem = AZ::RHI::RHISystemInterface::Get();
        AZ::RHI::DrawListTag forwardTag = rhiSystem->GetDrawListTagRegistry()->AcquireTag(AZ::Name("forward"));
        AZ::RPI::PassSystemInterface::Get()->ForEachPass(rasterPassFilter,
            [&](AZ::RPI::Pass* pass) -> AZ::RPI::PassFilterExecutionFlow
            {
                auto* rasterPass = azrtti_cast<AZ::RPI::RasterPass*>(pass);
                    
                if (rasterPass && rasterPass->GetDrawListTag() == forwardTag)
                {
                    m_forwardPass = rasterPass;
                    return AZ::RPI::PassFilterExecutionFlow::StopVisitingPasses;
                }
                return AZ::RPI::PassFilterExecutionFlow::ContinueVisitingPasses;
            }
        );
    }
    

}