From 11b79f567af12658b6f6958d8d89a32e925b40ce Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: AMZN-koppersr <82230785+AMZN-koppersr@users.noreply.github.com> Date: Tue, 4 May 2021 11:10:46 -0700 Subject: [PATCH 1/2] Smart and raw pointer support in Json Serialization now behave similarly. The behavior of smart pointers was not updated after the changes to raw pointers, in particular with how default JSON Objects were handled. They both now treat an empty JSON Object (a.k.a. the id for default instances) as meaning to create a default instance on the pointer even if the default is a nullptr. To have a nullptr a JSON Null has to be explicitly written. --- .../Serialization/Json/JsonDeserializer.cpp | 38 +++-- .../Serialization/Json/JsonSerialization.h | 11 ++ .../Json/SmartPointerSerializer.cpp | 15 +- .../Json/BaseJsonSerializerTests.cpp | 105 +++++++++++++- .../Json/SmartPointerSerializerTests.cpp | 134 ++++++++++++++---- 5 files changed, 242 insertions(+), 61 deletions(-) diff --git a/Code/Framework/AzCore/AzCore/Serialization/Json/JsonDeserializer.cpp b/Code/Framework/AzCore/AzCore/Serialization/Json/JsonDeserializer.cpp index f2e9bb866f..8d0da9e54a 100644 --- a/Code/Framework/AzCore/AzCore/Serialization/Json/JsonDeserializer.cpp +++ b/Code/Framework/AzCore/AzCore/Serialization/Json/JsonDeserializer.cpp @@ -97,7 +97,8 @@ namespace AZ return context.Report(Tasks::RetrieveInfo, Outcomes::Unknown, AZStd::string::format("Failed to retrieve rtti information for %s.", classData->m_name)); } - AZ_Assert(classData->m_azRtti->GetTypeId() == typeId, "Type id mismatch during deserialization of a json file. (%s vs %s)"); + AZ_Assert(classData->m_azRtti->GetTypeId() == typeId, "Type id mismatch during deserialization of a json file. (%s vs %s)", + classData->m_azRtti->GetTypeId().ToString().c_str(), typeId.ToString().c_str()); void** objectPtr = reinterpret_cast(object); bool isNull = *objectPtr == nullptr; @@ -512,27 +513,24 @@ namespace AZ if (*object) { const AZ::Uuid& actualClassId = rtti.GetActualUuid(*object); - if (actualClassId != objectType) + const SerializeContext::ClassData* actualClassData = context.GetSerializeContext()->FindClassData(actualClassId); + if (!actualClassData) { - const SerializeContext::ClassData* actualClassData = context.GetSerializeContext()->FindClassData(actualClassId); - if (!actualClassData) - { - status = context.Report(Tasks::RetrieveInfo, Outcomes::Unknown, - AZStd::string::format("Unable to find serialization information for type %s.", actualClassId.ToString().c_str())); - return ResolvePointerResult::FullyProcessed; - } + status = context.Report(Tasks::RetrieveInfo, Outcomes::Unknown, + AZStd::string::format("Unable to find serialization information for type %s.", actualClassId.ToString().c_str())); + return ResolvePointerResult::FullyProcessed; + } - if (actualClassData->m_factory) - { - actualClassData->m_factory->Destroy(*object); - *object = nullptr; - } - else - { - status = context.Report(Tasks::RetrieveInfo, Outcomes::Catastrophic, - "Unable to find the factory needed to clear out the default value."); - return ResolvePointerResult::FullyProcessed; - } + if (actualClassData->m_factory) + { + actualClassData->m_factory->Destroy(*object); + *object = nullptr; + } + else + { + status = context.Report(Tasks::RetrieveInfo, Outcomes::Catastrophic, + "Unable to find the factory needed to clear out the default value."); + return ResolvePointerResult::FullyProcessed; } } status = ResultCode(Tasks::ReadField, Outcomes::Success); diff --git a/Code/Framework/AzCore/AzCore/Serialization/Json/JsonSerialization.h b/Code/Framework/AzCore/AzCore/Serialization/Json/JsonSerialization.h index 5746005832..b92eae7d6b 100644 --- a/Code/Framework/AzCore/AzCore/Serialization/Json/JsonSerialization.h +++ b/Code/Framework/AzCore/AzCore/Serialization/Json/JsonSerialization.h @@ -38,6 +38,17 @@ namespace AZ }; //! Core class to handle serialization to and from json documents. + //! The Json Serialization works by taking a default constructed object and then apply the information found in the JSON document + //! on top of that object. This allows the Json Serialization to avoid storing default values and helps guarantee that the final + //! object is in a valid state even if non-fatal issues are encountered. + //! Note on containers: Containers such as vector or map are always considered to be empty even if there's entries in the provided + //! default object. During deserialization entries will be appended to any existing values. A flag is provided to automatically + //! clear containers during deserialization. + //! Note on maps: If the key for map containers such as unordered_map can be interpret as a string the Json Serialization will use + //! a JSON Object to store the data in instead of an array with key/value objects. + //! Note on pointers: The Json Serialization assumes that are always constructed, so a default JSON value of "{}" is interpret as + //! creating a new default instance even if the default value is a null pointer. A JSON Null needs to be explicitly stored in + //! the JSON Document in order to default or explicitly set a pointer to null. class JsonSerialization final { public: diff --git a/Code/Framework/AzCore/AzCore/Serialization/Json/SmartPointerSerializer.cpp b/Code/Framework/AzCore/AzCore/Serialization/Json/SmartPointerSerializer.cpp index 0180e99592..9e707f8644 100644 --- a/Code/Framework/AzCore/AzCore/Serialization/Json/SmartPointerSerializer.cpp +++ b/Code/Framework/AzCore/AzCore/Serialization/Json/SmartPointerSerializer.cpp @@ -23,13 +23,6 @@ namespace AZ { namespace JSR = JsonSerializationResult; - if (IsExplicitDefault(inputValue)) - { - // Do nothing if the input is an explicit default. - return context.Report(JSR::Tasks::ReadField, JSR::Outcomes::DefaultsUsed, - "Default value for smart pointer requested so no change was made."); - } - const SerializeContext::ClassData* containerClass = context.GetSerializeContext()->FindClassData(outputValueTypeId); if (!containerClass) { @@ -153,8 +146,7 @@ namespace AZ if (defaultValue) { - bool typesMatch = false; - auto defaultInputCallback = [&defaultValue, &inputPtrType, &typesMatch] + auto defaultInputCallback = [&defaultValue] (void* elementPtr, const Uuid&, const SerializeContext::ClassData*, const SerializeContext::ClassElement*) { defaultValue = elementPtr; @@ -164,11 +156,6 @@ namespace AZ } JSR::ResultCode result = ContinueStoring(outputValue, inputValue, defaultValue, inputPtrType, context, Flags::ResolvePointer); - if (result.GetOutcome() == JSR::Outcomes::DefaultsUsed) - { - outputValue = GetExplicitDefault(); - return context.Report(result, "Smart pointer used all defaults."); - } return context.Report(result, result.GetProcessing() != JSR::Processing::Halted ? "Successfully processed smart pointer." : "A problem occurred while processing a smart pointer."); } diff --git a/Code/Framework/AzCore/Tests/Serialization/Json/BaseJsonSerializerTests.cpp b/Code/Framework/AzCore/Tests/Serialization/Json/BaseJsonSerializerTests.cpp index 417cb10c8c..62622ef7ab 100644 --- a/Code/Framework/AzCore/Tests/Serialization/Json/BaseJsonSerializerTests.cpp +++ b/Code/Framework/AzCore/Tests/Serialization/Json/BaseJsonSerializerTests.cpp @@ -110,7 +110,7 @@ namespace JsonSerializationTests EXPECT_EQ(42, value); } - TEST_F(BaseJsonSerializerTests, ContinueLoading_PointerInstance_ValueLoadedCorrectly) + TEST_F(BaseJsonSerializerTests, ContinueLoading_ToPointerInstance_ValueLoadedCorrectly) { using namespace AZ::JsonSerializationResult; @@ -126,6 +126,51 @@ namespace JsonSerializationTests EXPECT_EQ(42, value); } + TEST_F(BaseJsonSerializerTests, ContinueLoading_ToNullPointer_ValueLoadedCorrectly) + { + using namespace AZ::JsonSerializationResult; + + rapidjson::Value json; + json.Set(42); + int* ptrValue = nullptr; + + ResultCode result = ContinueLoading(&ptrValue, azrtti_typeid(), json, *m_jsonDeserializationContext, Flags::ResolvePointer); + + EXPECT_EQ(Processing::Completed, result.GetProcessing()); + ASSERT_NE(nullptr, ptrValue); + EXPECT_EQ(42, *ptrValue); + + azfree(ptrValue, AZ::SystemAllocator, sizeof(int), AZStd::alignment_of::value); + } + + TEST_F(BaseJsonSerializerTests, ContinueLoading_DefaultToNullPointer_ValueLoadedCorrectly) + { + using namespace AZ::JsonSerializationResult; + + rapidjson::Value json(rapidjson::kObjectType); + int* ptrValue = nullptr; + + ResultCode result = ContinueLoading(&ptrValue, azrtti_typeid(), json, *m_jsonDeserializationContext, Flags::ResolvePointer); + + EXPECT_EQ(Processing::Completed, result.GetProcessing()); + ASSERT_NE(nullptr, ptrValue); + + azfree(ptrValue, AZ::SystemAllocator, sizeof(int), AZStd::alignment_of::value); + } + + TEST_F(BaseJsonSerializerTests, ContinueLoading_NullDeletesObject_ValueLoadedCorrectly) + { + using namespace AZ::JsonSerializationResult; + + rapidjson::Value json(rapidjson::kNullType); + int* ptrValue = reinterpret_cast(azmalloc(sizeof(int), AZStd::alignment_of::value, AZ::SystemAllocator)); + + ResultCode result = ContinueLoading(&ptrValue, azrtti_typeid(), json, *m_jsonDeserializationContext, Flags::ResolvePointer); + + EXPECT_EQ(Processing::Completed, result.GetProcessing()); + ASSERT_EQ(nullptr, ptrValue); + } + // // ContinueStoring // @@ -156,6 +201,64 @@ namespace JsonSerializationTests Expect_DocStrEq("42"); } + TEST_F(BaseJsonSerializerTests, ContinueStoring_StorePointerToFullDefaultedInstance_ValueStoredCorrectly) + { + using namespace AZ::JsonSerializationResult; + + int value = 42; + int* ptrValue = &value; + int value2 = 42; + int* defaultPtrValue = &value2; + + ResultCode result = + ContinueStoring(*m_jsonDocument, &ptrValue, &defaultPtrValue, azrtti_typeid(), *m_jsonSerializationContext, Flags::ResolvePointer); + + EXPECT_EQ(Processing::Completed, result.GetProcessing()); + Expect_DocStrEq("{}"); + } + + TEST_F(BaseJsonSerializerTests, ContinueStoring_StorePointerToNullptr_ValueStoredCorrectly) + { + using namespace AZ::JsonSerializationResult; + + int* ptrValue = nullptr; + + ResultCode result = ContinueStoring( + *m_jsonDocument, &ptrValue, nullptr, azrtti_typeid(), *m_jsonSerializationContext, Flags::ResolvePointer); + + EXPECT_EQ(Processing::Completed, result.GetProcessing()); + Expect_DocStrEq("null"); + } + + TEST_F(BaseJsonSerializerTests, ContinueStoring_StorePointerToNullptrWithValueDefault_ValueStoredCorrectly) + { + using namespace AZ::JsonSerializationResult; + + int* ptrValue = nullptr; + int value2 = 42; + int* defaultPtrValue = &value2; + + ResultCode result = + ContinueStoring(*m_jsonDocument, &ptrValue, &defaultPtrValue, azrtti_typeid(), *m_jsonSerializationContext, Flags::ResolvePointer); + + EXPECT_EQ(Processing::Completed, result.GetProcessing()); + Expect_DocStrEq("null"); + } + + TEST_F(BaseJsonSerializerTests, ContinueStoring_StorePointerToNullptrWithNullPtrDefault_NullPtrIsStored) + { + using namespace AZ::JsonSerializationResult; + + int* ptrValue = nullptr; + int* defaultPtrValue = nullptr; + + ResultCode result = + ContinueStoring(*m_jsonDocument, &ptrValue, &defaultPtrValue, azrtti_typeid(), *m_jsonSerializationContext, Flags::ResolvePointer); + + EXPECT_EQ(Processing::Completed, result.GetProcessing()); + Expect_DocStrEq("null"); + } + TEST_F(BaseJsonSerializerTests, ContinueStoring_ReplaceDefault_ValueStoredCorrectly) { using namespace AZ::JsonSerializationResult; diff --git a/Code/Framework/AzCore/Tests/Serialization/Json/SmartPointerSerializerTests.cpp b/Code/Framework/AzCore/Tests/Serialization/Json/SmartPointerSerializerTests.cpp index df340a2e61..2fc131aae2 100644 --- a/Code/Framework/AzCore/Tests/Serialization/Json/SmartPointerSerializerTests.cpp +++ b/Code/Framework/AzCore/Tests/Serialization/Json/SmartPointerSerializerTests.cpp @@ -32,11 +32,6 @@ namespace JsonSerializationTests return AZStd::make_shared(); } - AZStd::shared_ptr CreateDefaultInstance() override - { - return AZStd::make_shared(); - } - void Reflect(AZStd::unique_ptr& context) override { context->RegisterGenericType(); @@ -51,6 +46,13 @@ namespace JsonSerializationTests using SmartPointer = T; using Base = SmartPointerBaseTestDescription; + AZStd::shared_ptr CreateDefaultInstance() override + { + auto result = AZStd::make_shared(); + *result = SmartPointer(aznew SimpleClass()); + return result; + } + AZStd::shared_ptr CreateFullySetInstance() override { auto result = AZStd::make_shared(); @@ -106,21 +108,6 @@ namespace JsonSerializationTests } }; - template class T> - class SmartPointerSimpleClassWithInstanceTestDescription : - public SmartPointerSimpleClassTestDescription - { - public: - using SmartPointer = typename SmartPointerSimpleClassTestDescription::SmartPointer; - - AZStd::shared_ptr CreateDefaultInstance() override - { - auto result = AZStd::make_shared(); - *result = SmartPointer(aznew SimpleClass()); - return result; - } - }; - template class T> class SmartPointerSimpleDerivedClassTestDescription : public SmartPointerBaseTestDescription> @@ -129,6 +116,13 @@ namespace JsonSerializationTests using SmartPointer = T; using Base = SmartPointerBaseTestDescription; + AZStd::shared_ptr CreateDefaultInstance() override + { + auto result = AZStd::make_shared(); + *result = SmartPointer(aznew BaseClass()); + return result; + } + AZStd::shared_ptr CreateFullySetInstance() override { auto* instance = aznew SimpleInheritence(); @@ -272,6 +266,13 @@ namespace JsonSerializationTests using SmartPointer = T; using Base = SmartPointerBaseTestDescription; + AZStd::shared_ptr CreateDefaultInstance() override + { + auto result = AZStd::make_shared(); + *result = SmartPointer(aznew BaseClass2()); + return result; + } + AZStd::shared_ptr CreateFullySetInstance() override { auto* instance = aznew MultipleInheritence(); @@ -424,9 +425,6 @@ namespace JsonSerializationTests SmartPointerSimpleClassTestDescription, SmartPointerSimpleClassTestDescription, SmartPointerSimpleClassTestDescription, - SmartPointerSimpleClassWithInstanceTestDescription, - SmartPointerSimpleClassWithInstanceTestDescription, - SmartPointerSimpleClassWithInstanceTestDescription, // Simple derived class, include single inheritance. SmartPointerSimpleDerivedClassTestDescription, SmartPointerSimpleDerivedClassTestDescription, @@ -551,6 +549,37 @@ namespace JsonSerializationTests EXPECT_EQ(nullptr, *instance); } + TEST_F(JsonSmartPointerSerializerTests, Load_DefaultInstanceToNullptr_ReturnsSuccess) + { + namespace JSR = AZ::JsonSerializationResult; + + SmartPointer instance; + AZStd::shared_ptr compare = m_description.CreateDefaultInstance(); + m_jsonDocument->SetObject(); + + JSR::ResultCode result = + m_serializer.Load(&instance, azrtti_typeid(), *m_jsonDocument, *m_jsonDeserializationContext); + + EXPECT_EQ(JSR::Processing::Completed, result.GetProcessing()); + EXPECT_NE(nullptr, instance); + EXPECT_TRUE(m_description.AreEqual(instance, *compare)); + } + + TEST_F(JsonSmartPointerSerializerTests, Load_DefaultObjectDoesNotUpdateInstance_ReturnsSuccess) + { + namespace JSR = AZ::JsonSerializationResult; + + AZStd::shared_ptr instance = m_description.CreateFullySetInstance(); + AZStd::shared_ptr compare = m_description.CreateFullySetInstance(); + m_jsonDocument->SetObject(); + + JSR::ResultCode result = + m_serializer.Load(instance.get(), azrtti_typeid(), *m_jsonDocument, *m_jsonDeserializationContext); + + EXPECT_EQ(JSR::Processing::Completed, result.GetProcessing()); + EXPECT_TRUE(m_description.AreEqual(*instance, *compare)); + } + TEST_F(JsonSmartPointerSerializerTests, Load_InstanceBeingReplacedWithDifferentType_ReturnsSuccess) { namespace JSR = AZ::JsonSerializationResult; @@ -720,13 +749,66 @@ namespace JsonSerializationTests namespace JSR = AZ::JsonSerializationResult; AZStd::shared_ptr instance = m_description.CreateFullySetInstance(); - SmartPointer nullPtr; - JSR::ResultCode result = m_serializer.Store(*m_jsonDocument, instance.get(), &nullPtr, + SmartPointer defaultInstance; + JSR::ResultCode result = m_serializer.Store( + *m_jsonDocument, instance.get(), &defaultInstance, azrtti_typeid(), *m_jsonSerializationContext); EXPECT_EQ(JSR::Outcomes::Success, result.GetOutcome()); } + TEST_F(JsonSmartPointerSerializerTests, Store_ValuePointerIsNullPtr_ReturnsSuccessAndStoresNull) + { + namespace JSR = AZ::JsonSerializationResult; + + SmartPointer instance; + AZStd::shared_ptr defaultInstance = m_description.CreateFullySetInstance(); + JSR::ResultCode result = m_serializer.Store( + *m_jsonDocument, &instance, defaultInstance.get(), azrtti_typeid(), *m_jsonSerializationContext); + + EXPECT_EQ(JSR::Outcomes::Success, result.GetOutcome()); + EXPECT_TRUE(m_jsonDocument->IsNull()); + } + + TEST_F(JsonSmartPointerSerializerTests, Store_ValueAndDefaultPointersAreNullPtr_ReturnsSuccessAndStoresNull) + { + namespace JSR = AZ::JsonSerializationResult; + + SmartPointer instance; + SmartPointer defaultInstance; + JSR::ResultCode result = + m_serializer.Store(*m_jsonDocument, &instance, &defaultInstance, azrtti_typeid(), *m_jsonSerializationContext); + + EXPECT_EQ(JSR::Outcomes::DefaultsUsed, result.GetOutcome()); + EXPECT_TRUE(m_jsonDocument->IsNull()); + } + + TEST_F(JsonSmartPointerSerializerTests, Store_ValueAndDefaultPointersAreBothDefault_ReturnsSuccess) + { + namespace JSR = AZ::JsonSerializationResult; + + AZStd::shared_ptr instance = m_description.CreateDefaultInstance(); + AZStd::shared_ptr defaultInstance = m_description.CreateDefaultInstance(); + JSR::ResultCode result = + m_serializer.Store(*m_jsonDocument, instance.get(), defaultInstance.get(), azrtti_typeid(), *m_jsonSerializationContext); + + EXPECT_EQ(JSR::Outcomes::DefaultsUsed, result.GetOutcome()); + Expect_ExplicitDefault(*m_jsonDocument); + } + + TEST_F(JsonSmartPointerSerializerTests, Store_ValueHasDefaultValuesAndDefaultHasNullPointer_ReturnsSuccess) + { + namespace JSR = AZ::JsonSerializationResult; + + AZStd::shared_ptr instance = m_description.CreateDefaultInstance(); + SmartPointer defaultInstance; + JSR::ResultCode result = m_serializer.Store( + *m_jsonDocument, instance.get(), &defaultInstance, azrtti_typeid(), *m_jsonSerializationContext); + + EXPECT_EQ(JSR::Outcomes::DefaultsUsed, result.GetOutcome()); + Expect_ExplicitDefault(*m_jsonDocument); + } + TEST_F(JsonSmartPointerSerializerTests, Store_DefaultPointerIsOtherClass_CompletesButDoesNotReturnDefaults) { namespace JSR = AZ::JsonSerializationResult; @@ -749,7 +831,7 @@ namespace JsonSerializationTests EXPECT_EQ(JSR::Processing::Completed, result.GetProcessing()); } - TEST_F(JsonSmartPointerSerializerTests, Store_SaveAnClassThatIsNotReflected_ReturnsUnknown) + TEST_F(JsonSmartPointerSerializerTests, Store_ClassThatIsNotReflected_ReturnsUnknown) { namespace JSR = AZ::JsonSerializationResult; From afcbe4e02b64b5a4820f99a01d843a6f8a27f570 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: AMZN-koppersr <82230785+AMZN-koppersr@users.noreply.github.com> Date: Tue, 4 May 2021 13:51:08 -0700 Subject: [PATCH 2/2] Small updates based on PR feedback. --- .../AzCore/AzCore/Serialization/Json/JsonSerialization.h | 3 +++ .../Tests/Serialization/Json/BaseJsonSerializerTests.cpp | 6 +++--- 2 files changed, 6 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-) diff --git a/Code/Framework/AzCore/AzCore/Serialization/Json/JsonSerialization.h b/Code/Framework/AzCore/AzCore/Serialization/Json/JsonSerialization.h index b92eae7d6b..cf73d8dc56 100644 --- a/Code/Framework/AzCore/AzCore/Serialization/Json/JsonSerialization.h +++ b/Code/Framework/AzCore/AzCore/Serialization/Json/JsonSerialization.h @@ -49,6 +49,9 @@ namespace AZ //! Note on pointers: The Json Serialization assumes that are always constructed, so a default JSON value of "{}" is interpret as //! creating a new default instance even if the default value is a null pointer. A JSON Null needs to be explicitly stored in //! the JSON Document in order to default or explicitly set a pointer to null. + //! Note on pointer memory: Objects created/destroyed by the Json Serialization for pointers require that the AZ_CLASS_ALLOCATOR is + //! declared and the object is created using aznew or memory is allocated using azmalloc. Without these the application may + //! crash if the Json Serialization tries to create or destroy an object pointed to by a pointer. class JsonSerialization final { public: diff --git a/Code/Framework/AzCore/Tests/Serialization/Json/BaseJsonSerializerTests.cpp b/Code/Framework/AzCore/Tests/Serialization/Json/BaseJsonSerializerTests.cpp index 62622ef7ab..08de21b54f 100644 --- a/Code/Framework/AzCore/Tests/Serialization/Json/BaseJsonSerializerTests.cpp +++ b/Code/Framework/AzCore/Tests/Serialization/Json/BaseJsonSerializerTests.cpp @@ -140,7 +140,7 @@ namespace JsonSerializationTests ASSERT_NE(nullptr, ptrValue); EXPECT_EQ(42, *ptrValue); - azfree(ptrValue, AZ::SystemAllocator, sizeof(int), AZStd::alignment_of::value); + azfree(ptrValue, AZ::SystemAllocator, sizeof(int), alignof(int)); } TEST_F(BaseJsonSerializerTests, ContinueLoading_DefaultToNullPointer_ValueLoadedCorrectly) @@ -155,7 +155,7 @@ namespace JsonSerializationTests EXPECT_EQ(Processing::Completed, result.GetProcessing()); ASSERT_NE(nullptr, ptrValue); - azfree(ptrValue, AZ::SystemAllocator, sizeof(int), AZStd::alignment_of::value); + azfree(ptrValue, AZ::SystemAllocator, sizeof(int), alignof(int)); } TEST_F(BaseJsonSerializerTests, ContinueLoading_NullDeletesObject_ValueLoadedCorrectly) @@ -163,7 +163,7 @@ namespace JsonSerializationTests using namespace AZ::JsonSerializationResult; rapidjson::Value json(rapidjson::kNullType); - int* ptrValue = reinterpret_cast(azmalloc(sizeof(int), AZStd::alignment_of::value, AZ::SystemAllocator)); + int* ptrValue = reinterpret_cast(azmalloc(sizeof(int), alignof(int), AZ::SystemAllocator)); ResultCode result = ContinueLoading(&ptrValue, azrtti_typeid(), json, *m_jsonDeserializationContext, Flags::ResolvePointer);